Understanding the world · Environment & the future

Will we go to war over water?

Less than 1% of the water on Earth is fresh and reachable. The rest is fought over.

The blue gold of the 21st century3 min read5 partsQuiz of 9 questions
Read in the app Available in 30 languages
USDAgov · 20142026-OC-DK-0006 (12927173945) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Part 1 of 5 · freeIntroduction

Fresh water is the resource most essential to human life. It is also getting scarcer: the population is growing, the climate is shifting, and some experts already predict the first “water wars” of the 21st century.

This course explores why such a vital resource is becoming a major strategic issue, able to bring neighboring countries together, or to set them against each other.

The rest is in the Sophia app.The remaining parts, the open-book quiz and the full glossary. Free to start; Premium unlocks everything.
  1. 2A scarce resource, badly shared
  2. 3The geopolitics of shared rivers
  3. 4Technology against scarcity
  4. 5Toward shared governance of blue gold
Open-book quiz9 questions whose answers are in the text.
Glossary9 terms explained in a tap.
30 languagesThe same course, from French to Japanese.