Science · The Earth and the Universe

How do earthquakes happen?

An earthquake is not a whim of the ground. It is energy that has waited far too long.

Faults & waves3 min read5 partsQuiz of 9 questions
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United States Geological Survey · 1985 Mexico Earthquake - Eight-story building collapsed · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Part 1 of 5 · freeIntroduction

Every year the Earth records about 500,000 earthquakes that instruments can detect. Only a small share cause serious damage. A quake is not random: it is the sudden end of a long build-up of energy inside the rock.

To understand it, picture the surface of the planet as a jigsaw of moving plates. Where those plates rub against each other, the strain rises, until something snaps.

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  1. 2Plates that never stop moving
  2. 3When the fault gives way
  3. 4Measuring the power, fearing the tsunami
  4. 5Waves, warnings, and buildings that hold
Open-book quiz9 questions whose answers are in the text.
Glossary17 terms explained in a tap.
30 languagesThe same course, from French to Japanese.

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