Science · The Earth and the Universe

What is a black hole?

Nothing gets out, not even light. And yet we ended up photographing its shadow.

Extreme gravity4 min read5 partsQuiz of 8 questions
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NOIRLab/AURA/NSF/P. Marenfeld · Artist's impression of a black hole and accretion disk (Black-Hole-5K) · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Part 1 of 5 · freeIntroduction

A black hole is a region of spacetime, the fabric that ties space and time together, where gravity is so intense that the speed needed to escape is greater than the speed of light. Nothing leaves it: no matter, no light.

It is not a “hole” in the sense of a tunnel. It is an extreme concentration of matter that bends that fabric very hard. For a long time black holes were pure theory, a result of Einstein's equations. Today they are observed in several ways.

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