Science · The Earth and the Universe

What is dark matter?

Picture an invisible glue holding the galaxies together. You cannot see it, but you can see what it holds.

The invisible cosmos3 min read5 partsQuiz of 9 questions
Read in the app Available in 30 languages
NASA, ESA, D. Harvey (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland), R. Massey (Durham University, UK), the Hubble SM4 ERO Team, ST-ECF, ESO, D. Coe (STScI), J. Merten (Heidelberg/Bologna), HST Frontier Fields, Harald Ebeling(University of Hawaii at Manoa), Jean-Paul Kneib (LAM)and Johan Richard (Caltech, USA) · Collage of six cluster collisions with dark matter maps · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Part 1 of 5 · freeIntroduction

You feel the wind without seeing it: branches move, hair flies. Dark matter is a little like that on the scale of the cosmos. It does not shine, it does not reflect light, and it blocks no ray. We only “see” it through what it moves.

It seems to make up about 27% of the universe, five times more than all the ordinary matter: stars, planets, gas. Without it, galaxies would spin too fast to hold together.

The rest is in the Sophia app.The remaining parts, the open-book quiz and the full glossary. Free to start; Premium unlocks everything.
  1. 2Stars moving too fast at the edge
  2. 3What is it made from? The search goes on
  3. 4And dark energy, the other mystery
  4. 5Overwhelming evidence, no particle
Open-book quiz9 questions whose answers are in the text.
Glossary10 terms explained in a tap.
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